name | Amanita flavoconia var. inquinata |
name status | nomen acceptum |
author | Tulloss, Ovrebo & Halling |
english name | "Tarnished Yellow Dust Amanita" |
synonyms |
=Amanita flavoconia var. sinapicolor Tulloss, Ovrebo & Halling |
images | |
cap |
The cap of Amanita flavoconia var. inquinata is 25 - 60 mm wide, orange-brown to fulvous when young then becoming paler with age (orange-yellow to yellow-orange to tan to orangy brown), darkest in the center with color at times sometimes appearing to be in innate radial fibrils, cap becoming dull yellow to mustard yellow after exposure to direct sunlight and/or desiccation in situ at high altitude, hemispheric to rounded conic to bell-shaped at first, eventually convex to plane, subviscid when moist, nonappendiculate, with a nonstriate margin at first, sometimes becoming slightly striate in age. The volva is absent or present as small, easily lost, yellow patches, submembranous, with a minutely warty surface, paler and brown slightly with age and drying. The flesh is white, yellowish-orange to concolorous with the cap just under the cap skin, and 2 - 4 mm thick above the stem. |
gills |
The gills are free to rather distant from the stem, close, 6 mm broad, white with orangish yellow to yellowish edge that can be absent at maturity. The short gills are of diverse lengths, and at least the shorter ones are truncate. |
stem |
The stem is 60 - 150 × 4 - 15 mm [Note: length includes bulb], white or pallid in part, but usually with yellow to orange regions above and/or below the ring, narrowing slightly upwards, flaring at the top of the stem, often shiny to silky. The bulb is starkly white, subglobose, slightly flattened longitudinally, sometimes faintly marginate or subabrupt. The ring is placed in the upper part of the stem or toward the middle, thin, membranous, persistent, collapsing on the stem, yellow to yellowish tan or yellowish brown below, browning with age, striate above, smooth below, eventually collapsing on the stem. The volva is present as yellow patches like those on the cap, easily lost in collecting, or forming a thin yellow rim around the top of the bulb. The flesh is white, solid at first, becoming hollow. |
spores |
The spores measure (5.2-) 6.8 - 9.0 (-11.5) × (4.5-) 5.8 - 7.5 (-9.5) µm and subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, infrequently globose, rarely elongate, and amyloid. Clamps are absent at bases of basidia. |
discussion |
The species is originally described from an oak (Quercus humboldtii) forest in Colombia in an elevation of 1900 - 2500 or more meters in loamy soil. In Costa Rica, it occurs 1675 - 3000 meters elevation in forests including oak (for example, Q. copeyensis, Q. costaricensis, Q. oocarpa, and Q. seemannii). In central Mexico, it is also known at high elevation in mixed forests of Fir (Abies religiosa), Arbutus alapinsus, Pine (Pinus patula), and oak (Quercus spp.). The present taxon is, so far as is known, geographically separated from the northern Amanita flavoconia G. F. Atk. var. flavoconia by the deserts of northern Mexico. While some Central American amanitas do appear in southeastern Arizona along with their Madrean host trees, the present taxon has not yet been found there. It is distinguished from the type variety of A. flavoconia by its pigmentation and its distinctly more rounded spores. A. flavoconia var. sinapicolor was originally described from Costa Rica. In 1995, RET and Dr. R. E. Halling were at 3000 meters elevation in Costa Rica and found specimens exactly matching the original description of var. sinapicolor with mustard yellow to dull yellow caps; however, these mushrooms were growing in part of a ring which contained var. inquinata in the shade and var. sinapicolor in the bright sun. The experience convinced them that the two taxa were in fact one. From experience in Costa Rica and Mexico, the present taxon appears as commonly in its season as does its northern sister variety in the North American summer. For comparison, see the list of species provided for Amanita flavoconia G. F. Atk. var. flavoconia.—R. E. Tulloss and L. Possiel |
brief editors | RET |
name | Amanita flavoconia var. inquinata | ||||||||
author | Tulloss, Ovrebo & Halling. 1992. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 66: 30, figs. 24-26, 32. | ||||||||
name status | nomen acceptum | ||||||||
english name | "Tarnished Yellow Dust Amanita" | ||||||||
synonyms |
=Amanita flavoconia var. sinapicolor Tulloss, Ovrebo & Halling. 1992. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 66: 34. The editors of this site owe a great debt to Dr. Cornelis Bas whose famous cigar box files of Amanita nomenclatural information gathered over three or more decades were made available to RET for computerization and make up the lion's share of the nomenclatural information presented on this site. | ||||||||
MycoBank nos. | 357596, 359395 | ||||||||
GenBank nos. |
Due to delays in data processing at GenBank, some accession numbers may lead to unreleased (pending) pages.
These pages will eventually be made live, so try again later.
| ||||||||
holotypes | A. flavoconia var. inquinata—HUA; isotype, NY. A. flavoconia var. sinapicolor—F. | ||||||||
selected illustrations | Tulloss. 2000a. Boll. Gruppo Micol. G. Bresadola 43(2): 20, fig. 13. | ||||||||
intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field. The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material. The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate. Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain. The following material not directly from the protolog of the present taxon and not cited as the work of another researcher is based on original research by R. E. Tulloss. | ||||||||
basidiospores | composite from all material revised by RET: [665/32/13] (5.2-) 6.8 - 9.0 (-11.5) × (4.5-) 5.8 - 7.5 (-9.5) µm, (L = (6.9-) 7.3 - 8.4 (-8.8) µm; L’ = 7.8 µm; W = (5.9-) 6.0 - 7.0 (-7.1) µm; W’ = 6.6 µm; Q = (1.0-) 1.06 - 1.37 (-1.73); Q = (1.12-) 1.14 - 1.28; Q’ = 1.20), amyloid, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline, globose to subglobose to broadly ellipsoid; apiculus sublateral, cylindric, occasionally rather broad; contents guttulate; white? in deposit. | ||||||||
ecology | Solitary to gregarious. Colombia: At 1900 - 2500+ m elev. In loamy soil, under Q. humboldtii. Costa Rica: At 1675 - 3000 m elev. In disturbed area of Quercus forest or with Q. seemannii or in mixed forest with Q. costaricensis and Q. seemannii or with Q. copeyensis and Q. seemannii or in forest dominated by Q. oocarpa. Honduras: ??. Tlaxcala edo., México: At 2800 m elev. In mixed forest including Pinus patula, Abies religiosa, Quercus spp., Arbutus xalapensis, and Baccharis conferta [with further details of vegetation in (Anon., 1991: 35-41)] . | ||||||||
material examined |
COLOMBIA:
ANTIOQUIA—Mpio. Belmira - Finca “Beltrucha”, 4.vi.1992 A. E. Franco-Molano 926 (COL; NY). Mpio. Guarne - ca. Ctr. Exp. Piedras Blancas, 14± km E of Medellín, 10.xi.1988 R. E. Halling 6078 (paratypes, HUA & NY). Mpio. San José de la Montaña - 13± km S of San José de la Montaña along rd. to Labores, 26.xi.1986 R. E. Halling 5067 (holotype, HUA; isotype, NY; isotype, RET 093-5). Mpio. San Pedro - vereda “La Pulgarina,” 30.v.1992 A. E. Franco-Molano 895 (COL; NY). Mpio. Santa Rosa de Osos - vereda “El Chaquiro,” rd. from Santa Rosa de Osos to Aragon, ca. Llanos de Cuivá, 25.xi.1986 C. L. Ovrebo 2537 (paratypes, HUA, NY, & CSU), 13.iii.1987 R. E. Halling, Gregory M. Mueller & B. A. Strack [Mueller 2819] (paratype, F 1080754 p.p., mixed collection), 12.vi.1990 A. E. Franco-M. 519 (paratype, NY). Mpio. Támesis - vereda “Rio Frio”, 23.vi.1992 A. E. Franco-M. 1009 (??; NY).
BOYACÁ—Mpio. Arcabuco - 26.iv.1992 A. E. Franco-M. 777 (COL; NY) & 781A (COL; NY).
CUNDINAMARCA—Unkn. Mpio. - between Pacho and Páramo Guerrero, 9.iv.1968 R. Singer B6029 (F 1014373).
NARIÑO—Mpio. La Florida - 27± km from Pasto, Hacienda “El Barranco” (prop. F. Villareal), 11.v.1990 A. E. Franco-M. 445 (paratype, NY).
COSTA RICA:
ALAJUELA—Ctn. Grecia - Grecia, Bosque del Niño [10°9’4” N/ 84°14’42” W], 29.vi.1995 K. M. Shanks s.n. [Tulloss 6-29-95-C] (RET 336-7), 29.vi.1995 K. M. Shanks & R. E. Halling s.n. [Tulloss 6-29-95-F] (RET 330-10).
CARTAGO—Ctn. Unkn. - ca. Cañon, E of Interam. Hwy., at
La Esperanza del Guarco [9°41’1” N/ 83°52’43” W, 2505 m], 26.xi.1993 R. E. Halling, M. Mata, L. Umaña & A. E. Franco-M. [Franco-M. 1163] (NY); 5 km E of km 31 of Interam. Hwy.,
ca. Estrella [9°46’4” N/ 83°57’19” W,
1685-1717 m], 2.xi.1993 G. M. Mueller 4594 (F 1110958 as “A. frostiana”), 15.xi.1993 R. E. Halling, G. M. Mueller, B. A. Strack, M. Mata, L. Umaña & A. E. Franco [Franco-M. 1117] (NY), [Franco-M. 1119] (NY), 13.vi.1995 R. E. Halling & R. E. Tulloss 6-13-95-A (RET 334-7).
SAN JOSÉ—Ctn. Dota - Interam. Hwy. km 96.5, 31.vii.1986 R. M. Alfaro 288 (F 1073341); Interam. Hwy., 6 km S of Cartago at rd. to Palo Verde, 28.vii.1992 B. A. Strack & G. M. Mueller [Mueller 4429] (F 1102482), [Mueller 4439] (F 1102492); Interam. Hwy., 2-3 km N of Cerro de la Muerte, 24.vii.1992 B. A. Strack, J. Polishook, L. D. Gómez, G. Hewson, & G. M. Mueller [Mueller 4375] (F 1102428), [Mueller 4369] (F 1102422); La Chonta | ||||||||
discussion |
t.b.d. In addition to the material cited above, the following material was gifted to RET in dried form with information about the fresh state as indicated. Available data suggests that these collection might also be assigned to the present taxon. The low values for spore size probably reflects challenges to original preservation and conservation of the material. Description of Fresh Specimens: Pileus reddish yellow or orangish yellowish, with orange yellow scales. Gills whitish. Stipe white to yellowish, with annulus membranous, yellowish. Volva submembranous to scaly, yellowish. Gregarious. | ||||||||
citations | —R. E. Tulloss | ||||||||
editors | RET | ||||||||
Information to support the viewer in reading the content of "technical" tabs can be found here.
name | Amanita flavoconia var. inquinata |
bottom links |
[ Keys & Checklists ] |
name | Amanita flavoconia var. inquinata |
bottom links |
[ Keys & Checklists ] |
Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.